Heater tune-up The Air and Fire Draft Regulation Diagram (DRAFT diagram for short), shown in the following figure, is a practical tool for controlling draft and excess oxygen in process heaters. This diagram, based on Figure 19 (Natural Draft Heater Adjustment Chart) of the API RP 535 standard, more explicitly clarifies the application of single […]

Refinery process heaters How to maintain the efficiency of these large energy consumers? Process heaters are probably the most critical pieces of equipment within refineries and petrochemical plants, as they consume large volumes of fossil fuels and emit proportional amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. Profit margins may be at stake if heaters emissions are […]

As the world transitions towards sustainable energy solutions, hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative fuel. To ensure the optimal performance, efficiency, and safety of hydrogen production systems, engineers rely on advanced computational tools such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA). This article explores the significance of FEA in designing and optimizing hydrogen production systems. Understanding […]

Determining the magnitude of the tightening torque to be applied to a stud or screw in a flanged joint is very important to ensure that a joint seats correctly and is maintained under different conditions, thus achieving what is desired: avoiding leaks. This always taking into account that no permissible value of any component that […]

In various industries, the integrity and reliability of infrastructure are critical for safe and efficient operations. Over time, equipment and structures may experience degradation, corrosion, or mechanical damage that necessitate repair. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) has developed the PCC-2 (Post Construction Committee) standard, which provides guidelines for non-metallic repairs. This essay explores […]

In the realm of industrial storage tanks, stability and safety are paramount. These structures, which often contain hazardous substances, require a robust foundation system to withstand external forces and prevent catastrophic failures. API 650, developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API), provides guidelines for the design, construction, and maintenance of welded steel tanks for various […]