Fatigue analysis is often more demanded for Pressure Vessels and Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers (S&T). Operating conditions involving pressure and/or temperature cycles could result in a fatigue analysis requirement. Previous to perform a fatigue analysis is necessary to run screening criteria in order to check according to ASME VIII Div. 2 Ap. 5.5. if […]
Joint efficiency of welds can be defined as the reliability that can be obtained from the joints after welding. This coefficient can adopt values smaller than 1, and to some extent it can be said that the joint efficiency is a way of reducing the allowable stress of the material. Therefore, the joint efficiency depends […]
Often the material that can resist corrosion from the environment of a particular application may not have adequate structural strength. Or because of its low strength it may require use of uneconomically thick sections. An economical solution consists of providing a layer of corrosion-resistant material of suitable thickness on the contact surfaces of the equipment, […]
The design temperature, along with the design pressure, fluid characterization and other technical-economical requirements, is a critical parameter in the design and material selection of process equipment, instrumentation and piping. The selection criteria differ slightly depending on the engineering practices, but generally consist of assigning a design margin to the maximum (and minimum) normal operating […]
All pipes are represented in Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) by lines, with an alphanumeric coding that allows identifying them for subsequent design (routing, thermal stress analysis, supporting, etc.) and purchase. There are no rules to stablish universal coding; they depend on each project. Although they include basically the same information, the way they are […]
From all types of containers, Aboveground Storage Tanks are the most used. The different types of tanks are used to store a variety of products such as crude oil and its derivatives, butane, propane, LPG, solvents, water, etc. Continuous production processes (such as refineries) require the storage of products for a later use, transportation or […]