An open recirculating cooling system uses the same water repeatedly to cool process equipment. Heat absorbed from the process must be dissipated to allow reuse of the water. Cooling towers, spray ponds, and evaporative condensers are used for this purpose. Fresh water is being added to cooling water towers to replace water lost through leaks […]
Within the family of non-metallic pipes there are different types used in the industry: GRP (Reinforced Fiberglass), PVC, PP (Polypropylene), HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) among others. This type of systems are usually used in industrial plants in general, petrochemical plants, water treatment plants, sea water desalination plants and in power generation plants. One of the […]
Defining raw water needs as well as potential raw water source, is the starting point of work to define the water treatment methods in Industry applications. Water treatment processes will be as much intensive as it is the water quality required for the process itself, being the purity of water used to feed high pressure […]
The presence of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions in a water supply is commonly known as “hardness.” The degree of hardness is classified as follows: The main problem associated with hardness is scale and deposits formation. Even levels as low as 5 to 8 mg/L are too extreme for many uses (i.e. as boiler […]