The importance of human factor on process heater’s reliability. Process furnaces are essential equipment in a refinery. They consume very high volumes of fossil fuels with proportional amounts of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. They are highly expensive equipment that operate with flames at very high temperatures and their failures can be critical to the […]
When a change is identified during construction, a lot of effort is put into identifying the impact of the change for cost, schedule, engineering/design and materials, and then having the change order approved. Change is always disruptive during construction. The crew has to stop what they are working on, make the existing area safe, and […]
In the design of mechanical equipment, besides the design conditions (pressure and temperature), and the local site conditions (wind and earthquake), the study of local and nozzle loads is of vital importance. These loads are generated mainly due to way piping systems are supported, alignment and mainly due to the thermal loads generated by the […]
Technical Specifications (ET’s) and Standards are the fundamental pillars of any industrial facility, both for its operation, maintenance, as well as for the development of the different projects to be executed. Any activity carried out during the design or life of the industrial plant will be according to what is indicated in said documents. Technical […]
Defining raw water needs as well as potential raw water source, is the starting point of work to define the water treatment methods in Industry applications. Water treatment processes will be as much intensive as it is the water quality required for the process itself, being the purity of water used to feed high pressure […]
In the design of mechanical equipment, especially large static and rotating equipment, it is essential to carry out a detailed design and analysis of the stresses generated due to the loads induced during the transportation on the different elements of the equipment. If we analyze, for example, the case of a pressure vessel, the transportation […]