Defining raw water needs as well as potential raw water source, is the starting point of work to define the water treatment methods in Industry applications. Water treatment processes will be as much intensive as it is the water quality required for the process itself, being the purity of water used to feed high pressure […]

The presence of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions in a water supply is commonly known as “hardness.” The degree of hardness is classified as follows: The main problem associated with hardness is scale and deposits formation. Even levels as low as 5 to 8 mg/L are too extreme for many uses (i.e. as boiler […]