Vibration is one of the major causes of failure in piping systems connected to turbomachinery equipment. Piping systems are subjected to excessive vibration levels whenever the mechanical natural frequency of the system is excited by a pulsation or by a mechanical source. If the frequency of the load excitation is the same or in the […]
Within the family of non-metallic pipes there are different types used in the industry: GRP (Reinforced Fiberglass), PVC, PP (Polypropylene), HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) among others. This type of systems are usually used in industrial plants in general, petrochemical plants, water treatment plants, sea water desalination plants and in power generation plants. One of the […]
When a change is identified during construction, a lot of effort is put into identifying the impact of the change for cost, schedule, engineering/design and materials, and then having the change order approved. Change is always disruptive during construction. The crew has to stop what they are working on, make the existing area safe, and […]
The word “cryogenics” comes from two Greek words, “kryos” meaning icy cold, and “genes” meaning to form. The term cryogenics was first used in 1875 and has come into general usage since 1955. Cryogenic temperatures are normally considered as below (-)100ºC. One of the major benefits of handling gases in liquefied form is the enormous […]
In an industrial plant, depending on the process and the number of piping systems, the capital investment in piping could be up to 25 and even 40% of the total investment. Therefore, efficient sizing is vital to the plant economic feasibility. When an installation presents very long pipelines and/or it requires expensive materials (Cr-Mo, Stainless […]
Non-standard flanges will only be used in cases where pressure, temperature and size requirements exceed the capabilities of standard flanges. Keep in mind that non-standard flanges require calculation, design and special manufacturing procedures, which is why they are chosen only as a last resort. The most common such applications are large equipment flanges and heat […]