Piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID) are a schematic representation of the piping process with mechanical details of equipment, instruments, piping, valves, and control loops, all necessary to ensure safe operation of the facility. In other words, they are plans that, in addition to showing the sequence of operations of the Process Flow Diagram (PFD), show […]

First of all, the Major Hazard Facilities or “Major Hazard Facilities” will be defined, which are facilities that store and/or process substances characterized as dangerous (flammable, toxic, harmful, etc.) with inventories that exceed a certain limit in the case of Europe defined by the Seveso Directive. Additionally, in this type of facilities, in addition to […]

Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID’s) can often be confused with Process Flow Diagrams (PFD’s). P&IDs and PFDs generally use the same notation for teams. However, they serve different purposes and provide different information. The purpose of a PFD is to show exactly what a process does during operation, and a P&ID shows all the controllers, […]

The physical distribution of equipment in the substation is a study that demands much information and dedication. Typically, equipment is distributed in the electrical room under certain guidelines, such as: The switching devices that power or receive power from the transformers are located on the wall, on the yard side of the transformers. In this […]

The selection, design, and location of piping supports is an essential part in the study of any industrial process installation. Typically, piping is supported at regular intervals on steel supports embedded in concrete foundations or directly on steel structures. The distance between supports is the span. The allowable spans between supports of horizontal lines are […]

Most industrial plants have some underground piping systems, in other words located below the standard elevation of the ground defined in the plant. In most cases, these piping systems are installed during the construction of the new plant, and are rarely thought about until a problem arises. An underground pipe is not the same as […]