In an industrial plant, depending on the process and the number of piping systems, the capital investment in piping could be up to 25 and even 40% of the total investment. Therefore, efficient sizing is vital to the plant economic feasibility. When an installation presents very long pipelines and/or it requires expensive materials (Cr-Mo, Stainless […]
Non-standard flanges will only be used in cases where pressure, temperature and size requirements exceed the capabilities of standard flanges. Keep in mind that non-standard flanges require calculation, design and special manufacturing procedures, which is why they are chosen only as a last resort. The most common such applications are large equipment flanges and heat […]
All pipes are represented in Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) by lines, with an alphanumeric coding that allows identifying them for subsequent design (routing, thermal stress analysis, supporting, etc.) and purchase. There are no rules to stablish universal coding; they depend on each project. Although they include basically the same information, the way they are […]
Pipes are the most delicate components in any process plant, they are also the busiest entities. Piping Systems are subjected to almost all kinds of loads, intentional or unintentional. It is very important to take note of all potential loads that a piping system would encounter during operation as well as during other stages in […]
Assuming that the analysis shown in the picture is correct (which it is), the wall thickness of a piping system under internal pressure is a relationship of its internal radius, the internal pressure and the values of the axial and hoop stresses induced according to the material selected. Let’s break this down. Design Conditions An […]