In the field of industrial facility engineering, atmospheric storage tanks constitute one of the most critical and, simultaneously, most regulated assets. Two of the most widely used international standards for vertical welded steel tanks are API 650 (American Petroleum Institute) and EEMUA 159 (Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association). Although both share a common objective—ensuring […]

The maintenance and design of storage tanks is not a secondary task; it is a fundamental engineering discipline in industrial plants that requires in-depth knowledge of materials mechanics, corrosion, and the rigorous application of international codes. Atmospheric and low-pressure tanks represent the most vulnerable link in the storage chain for hydrocarbons and chemical products. Their […]

API 653 is a standard published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) that governs the inspection, repair, alteration, and reconstruction of aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) used in the petroleum and chemical industries. This standard is crucial for ensuring the continued safe and reliable operation of tanks throughout their service life. Notably, API 653 is fundamentally […]

In the realm of industrial storage tanks, stability and safety are paramount. These structures, which often contain hazardous substances, require a robust foundation system to withstand external forces and prevent catastrophic failures. API 650, developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API), provides guidelines for the design, construction, and maintenance of welded steel tanks for various […]

The presence of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions in a water supply is commonly known as “hardness.” The degree of hardness is classified as follows: The main problem associated with hardness is scale and deposits formation. Even levels as low as 5 to 8 mg/L are too extreme for many uses (i.e. as boiler […]

The API 653 standard was developed to guide during the inspection, repair, alteration and dismantling works of storage tanks designed and manufactured under API 650 or API 12C. Contents are divided into the following sections: Scope References Definitions Suitability for Service Brittle Fracture Considerations Inspection Materials Design Considerations for Reconstructed Tanks. Tank repair and Alteration […]