Stress and flexibility analysis—also known as stress analysis—is a fundamental discipline in piping system design. Its purpose is to assess whether a pipeline can withstand loads imposed by internal, external, or combined conditions without compromising the system’s integrity. A piping system must have sufficient flexibility to absorb both thermal expansion and contraction, as well as […]

The Importance of a Good Plot Plan in an Industrial Plant In the design and operation of an industrial plant, one of the most critical elements is the creation of a good plot plan. A plot plan refers to the detailed, scaled representation of the physical layout of the plant’s components. It serves as a […]

Vibration is one of the major causes of failure in piping systems connected to turbomachinery equipment. Piping systems are subjected to excessive vibration levels whenever the mechanical natural frequency of the system is excited by a pulsation or by a mechanical source. If the frequency of the load excitation is the same or in the […]

When a change is identified during construction, a lot of effort is put into identifying the impact of the change for cost, schedule, engineering/design and materials, and then having the change order approved. Change is always disruptive during construction.  The crew has to stop what they are working on, make the existing area safe, and […]